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The Site Index ? Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (SIBEC) model allows site index, which is a measure of site productivity, to be estimated from Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification site series and species. SIBEC site index estimates and their standard errors are published online; however, a simplistic approach to calculating these standard errors was taken. New growth intercept models were developed from stem analysis data and were applied to SIBEC data collected in the Coastal Western Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone, very dry maritime subzone, 01 site series (CWHxm2/01) for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). A more appropriate approach to calculating the standard error of the mean site index estimate was derived and applied to the SIBEC data. The formula for the standard error requires knowledge of the covariances between growth intercept model predictions, which are unknown except when only one model is used to make the predictions. The results indicated that the corrected standard errors were substantially lower than the standard errors calculated using the current method. A typical SIBEC site index estimate is made up of data from growth intercept models, site index models, and stem analysis. Combining these data sources greatly complicates the standard error calculations, which makes their computation even more difficult than when only growth intercept models are used to estimate site index.
Nigh, Gord. 2019. An Analysis of a Site Index ? Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (SIBEC) Analysis. Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Technical Report (FLNRORD). TR127
The presence or abundance of indicator species such as vascular and non-vascular epiphytes could prove valuable in measuring the loss of biological diversity in fragmented ecosystems of coastal British Columbia. Approaches to ecosystem-based forestry, including variable retention and its assessment via adaptive management, attempt to address the loss of biodiversity associated with forest fragmentation. I discuss the usefulness of epiphytes as indicators of the effects of forest harvesting. This pilot study consisted of examining the distribution and percent cover of nonvascular epiphytes in a second-growth and an old-growth forest in the CWH biogeoclimatic zone of the south west coast of British Columbia. Determining epiphyte zonation will prove to be a powerful tool in measuring differences among tree species and study sites. This is most effectively done by measuring mean percent cover of epiphyte functional groups within each of the epiphyte zones. Monitoring of epiphytes can be done in a cost-effective and precise way by using the single rope technique to access trees. Limitations to effective monitoring exist due to lack of life-history information on many of the species. Subsequent research in distribution, host-specificity and epiphyte succession is essential for making the monitoring programme efficient.
Stanger, Nicholas. 2003. Analysis of an epiphyte-monitoring programme in CWH old-growth and second-growth forests. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2003MR065
In October, 1987 the British Columbia Ministry of Forests together with the Canadian Forestry Service commissioned Sterling Wood Group Inc. to undertake this study. The Canada - British Columbia Forest Resource Development Agreement (FRDA) requires that: "Canada and the Province shall jointly effect an assessment of the programs with regard to the stated objectives of A Forest Sector Strategy for Canada, the provincial forest management guidelines and this Agreement." This study forms part of and contributes to the assessment. Funding for this study has been shared by the two signatories under the Implementation, Communications and Evaluation program within FRDA.
Sterling Wood Group Inc.. 1988. Analysis of Changes in Timber Values Due to Silviculture Treatments Under the Canada-British Columbia Forest Resource Development Agreement. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. FRDA Research Report. FRR41
Lodgepole pine has been extensively planted across the southern interior of British Columbia during the past four decades (e.g., BC Min. For. 2003) for a variety of good reasons: (a) it exhibits good initial survival, rapid early growth, and timely achievement of free-growing standards; (b) it has a wide ecological amplitude, with good long-term productivity predicted over a broad range of soil moisture and nutrient conditions (Klinka et al. 2000); (c) it is highly resistant to drought, frost, and low soil nutrient availability (Burns and Honkala 1990), which are common limitations on southern interior sites; and (d) it is easily and cost-effectively produced in British Columbia nurseries. Despite the good early performance of lodgepole pine, there is increasing evidence that, on many sites, the species is not continuing to perform well as it ages beyond free-growing. A range of problems has been reported from various studies, as well as from personal observations of researchers and practitioners. These include: (a) mortality from Warren?s root collar weevil, which may be linked to poor root form of planted lodgepole pine (Roberts 2004), (b) susceptibility to Armillaria root disease, especially on sites that were manually brushed to relieve broadleaf competition (Simard et al. 2005), (c) serious damage by Atropellis canker (unpublished observations from linked project Y062024), (d) extensive mortality from drought following extended dry summer weather such as occurred in 1998 and 2002 (Joy and Maclauchlan 1999), (e) crown deformations in heavy snowpack areas and (f) increased incidence of hard pine rusts, including western gall rust and comandra blister rust (Woods and Bergerud 2006). In addition to these easily identifiable health problems, foresters have expressed concern that pine on some sites may have been planted out of the range of the seed source, and as a result, is underperforming post-free-growing. Additionally, the concerns about pine health problems are amplified by the possibility of their interaction with long-term climate change. For example, a recent study conducted in northwestern B.C. identified a strong correlation between the geographic amplitudes of a Dothistroma needle blight epidemic and the area affected by an increase in summer precipitation that was outside the range of natural fluctuations in local climate (Woods et al. 2005). Our project has the potential to allow similar correlations to be identified for the southern interior. Although good records exist for free-growing plantations, less information is recorded beyond that age. The SIFR has conducted some specific surveys as problems have arisen (L. Maclauchlan, pers. comm. 2004), but no systematic survey or analysis of post-free-growing lodgepole pine condition has been conducted for the Region as a whole. This study fits nicely with the current work being done by a team lead by Alex Woods, Regional Pathologist, NIFR, who are examining whether free-growing stands are meeting timber productivity expectations in a study funded through the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) Effectiveness Evaluation Program. The Woods team has completed an analysis for the Lakes TSA (NIFR) and are currently sampling 80 stands in the Okanagan TSA. A majority of the stands sampled are lodgepole pine dominated. While their main objective is related to growth and yield, they are also completing insect and disease surveys in all plots. They have noted an increase in hard pine rusts in their Lakes TSA stands with over 27% of declared free-growing stands showing at least a 20% hard pine rust incidence. They are using a random sampling approach to select stands since their goal is an unbiased, overall survey of growth performance, not a prediction of where insect and disease problems occur. Our study differs in that the main objective is to identify insect and disease problems in post free-growing stands and predict where they will occur. This would be complementary ...
Simard, Suzanne W., Heineman, Jean L.. 2007. Analysis of insect, disease, and abiotic factors affecting post-free-growing lodgepole pine in southern interior British Columbia. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2007MR327
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Forest Investment Account Report
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), Pinus, Contorta, British, Columbia
Riparian areas are diverse, productive, and important to the overall ecological framework of British Columbia. There is heightened awareness of the potential effects of resource management activities in riparian areas. This concern is encapsulated in riparian regulations and guidelines of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Information regarding livestock use of riparian areas was compiled and reviewed as a .first step in developing research to address the information needs of riparian area management in British Columbia. Literature on the effects and interactions of livestock grazing in riparian areas throughout North America was reviewed. Six general conclusions were drawn from the synthesis and review of the literature: 1. Most of the available information on livestock-riparian interactions is primarily applicable to arid ecosystems (equivalent to, or drier than, the Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone), 2. Most of the available information on livestock-riparian interactions is applicable to lotic ecosystems (actively moving water), 3. Most of the research conducted has focused on contrasting extremes (e.g., comparing very heavy grazing to an ungrazed control), 4. Appropriate levels of livestock use that maintain good-quality riparian habitat are difficult to quantify, 5. Effects of livestock grazing in riparian areas on wildlife habitat are variable (grazing creates or enhances some wildlife habitat, while eliminating or degrading other wildlife habitat), 6. Riparian areas and the effects of livestock grazing have not been studied adequately at a landscape level. Considering these general conclusions, nine recommendations were formulated to guide the development of research on livestock use of riparian areas. The recommendations are as follows: 1. Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia must focus on ecosystems outside those that the current body of literature represents; a system should be developed to prioritize which ecosystems need to be addressed first. 2. Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia must include wetlands, ponds, and lakeshores. 3. Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia should test the impact of livestock at stocking rates, levels of use, and timing that are normally or feasibly prescribed in British Columbia and recommend changes where the standard stocking rates are inappropriate. 4. Research addressing appropriate range use in riparian areas in British Columbia must include the physiological response of specific plants within specific habitats. Grazing prescriptions should not attempt to generate a level of use, or grazing system, that is universally appropriate for all riparian vegetation, in all ecosystem units. 5. A classification and description of all riparian types used for livestock grazing should be completed through an extension of the biogeoclimatic ecological classification and range reference areas system because appropriate use depends on formulating range prescriptions on an ecosystem basis. 6. Research on the effects of range use (livestock grazing and hay cutting) on riparian wildlife species in British Columbia should focus initially on the effects and interactions with red- and blue-listed species. 7. Research on the effects of range use on riparian wildlife habitat in British Columbia needs to address the appropriate amount and connectivity of habitat necessary to sustain various wildlife populations. 8. Research on the effects of range use in riparian areas in British Columbia should address the issue at a landscape level in addition to measuring site-specific impacts to determine the cumulative and spatial consequences of individual site management. 9. Research on the effects of range use in riparian areas in British Columbia should address the management of the adjacent uplands to address the riparian issues at a landscape level.
Powell, G.W., Cameron, K.J.; Newman, R.F.. 2000. Analysis of livestock use of riparian areas: literature review and research needs assessment for British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Working Paper (FLNRORD). WP52
The Morice and Lakes Innovative Forest Practices Agreement technical committee identified the need to evaluate low site polygons as it was suspected that current inventory and productivity information for these areas was inadequate. Mike Bandstra.
The Zero-Inflated Binomial (ZIB) method of Tyre et al. (2003) that incorporates estimation of false zero rates we implemented in SAS v9.1 . In addition the use of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) is illustrated to weight alternative models, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) for assessing model fit and prediction accuracy (Cumming 2000; Boyce et al. 2002). The purpose of this Extension Note is to show how to implement these methods using SAS.
Steventon, J.D., Bergerud, W.A.; Ott, P.K.. 2005. Analysis of Presence/Absence Data When Absence Is Uncertain (False Zeroes): An Example for the Northern Flying Squirrel using SAS. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Extension Note (FLNRORD). EN74
The main objective of the fallers selection method is to develop an uneven-aged stand which can support integrated forest land-use.
BC Forest Service - Research Division. 1985. An Analysis of Problems in Estimating the Growth and Yield of Interior Dry-Belt Stands (scanned PDF file 4504KB). British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
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