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The 5900 Road was constructed in the mid 1970?s, and it is assumed that the 900 mm culvert located at 35+600 km was installed at that time. This S3 stream drains to Adrian Lake which drains into Merton Lake and does not appear to have had any work completed on it in the past to improve its ability to pass fish. In addition to the fish passage issue, the site was reviewed by an RP Bio in 2007 and scored 42, using the FPCI scoring matrix. With its proximity to Lake it was felt that it should be a high priority for replacement. The stream in question contained Rainbow Trout, Mountain Whitefish, Dolly Varden and Burbot.
The objective of this project was to replace two existing 600 mm wooden stave culverts that would not allow fish to pass with a low profile steel bridge that would allow for fish passage on this creek.
Watt, David. 2010. Replacement of Two Wooden Stave Culverts at 1.9 km of the Sutherland Oona FSR. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2010MR064
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Forest Investment Account Report
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), British, Columbia
The Watershed Restoration Program (WRP) of British Columbia was implemented under the Province's Forest Renewal Plan in mid-1994 in response to a historical lack of mechanisms for ensuring rehabilitation of hillslopes, riparian areas and streams negatively effected by logging. In combination with the Forest Practices Code, WRP provides an opportunity
to improve water quality and reverse fish habitat losses. This watershed-level program recognizes the top-down linkages of roads, gullies, and streams. Initially, between 75 and 80% of expenditures were directed at hillslopes (summarized by the Ministry of Forests). Between 20 and 25% of expenditures have been directed towards streams and these projects are
reported on in this document, by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. The proportion of aquatic projects will increase over the next three years in order to meet the strategic target of Forest Renewal BC to complete restoration of 20% of the high priority or key watersheds prior to the year 2004. Funding is provided by Forest Renewal BC.
Watershed Restoration Program. 2000. Annual Compendium of Aquatic Rehabilation Projects for the Watershed Restoration Program 1999-2000. Ministry of Environment. Watershed Restoration Project Report. WRPR18
Topic: Watershed Restoration Program
Series: Watershed Restoration Project Report
Keywords: watershed restoration program, wrp, water quality, improve, restoration
The mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) herd that ranges through Mount
Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks and the forests north of Revelstoke creates special
challenges for management in this area. This has heightened the interest in applying
forest management strategies that may simulate the desired old-growth structure that
caribou rely on for survival. This area supports approximately 400 (Flaa and McLellan in
press) of a total population of 2,400 mountain caribou (Simpson, et al. 1997). This has
led to provincial, national and international interest in their maintenance. Caribou are
considered an umbrella species; that is, the protection of caribou habitat will also serve to
protect the habitat of many other species dependent on old-growth forests.
Waters, Lauren, Delong, Rhonda. 2001. Recruiting Caribou Habitat Using Silviculture Treatments. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
A uniform shelterwood systems trial was established in 1990 to test overstorey tree retention levels required to naturally regenerate Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) on frost-prone sites in the Dry Warm Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBSdw) biogeoclimatic subzone of central British Columbia. Two or three harvest entries were used to create combinations of preparatory and regeneration cuts that affected seedfall and vegetation, plus density and growth of both natural and planted Douglas-fir regeneration. A regeneration cut (30 m?/ha residual basal area [RBA]) in 1991, a regeneration cut (1991) followed by a second regeneration cut (15 m?/ha RBA) in 2001, and preparatory cut (40 m?/ha RBA) (1991) followed by a regeneration cut (20 m?/ha RBA) in 2001 were successful at establishing and growing regeneration of sufficient density and size to meet stocking targets in a 20-year period on most sites. The density and growth of the main cohort of Douglas-fir regeneration (> 100 cm tall) increased with decreasing RBA, reflective of improved light conditions. Frost damage was inconsequential in all shelterwood treatment combinations, while clearcutting of the no-harvest controls (60 m?/ha RBA) in 2011 resulted in extensive frost damage to planted Douglas-fir regeneration. Vegetation competition was effectively controlled in the shelterwood treatments except for advance subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) regeneration, which was cut at the second harvest entry. Douglas-fir seed crops occurred frequently (every 3-4 years) with high quantities of viable seed, ensuring natural regeneration. The shelterwood silvicultural systems tested in this study provide foresters with several options to establish and grow Douglas-fir regeneration to meet land management objectives.
Waterhouse, Michaela J., Baleshta, Karen E.; Linnell Nemec, Amanda F.. 2021. Application of Uniform Shelterwood Silvicultural Systems in the Sub-Boreal Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zone in Central British Columbia. FLNRORD. Technical Report (FLNRORD). TR131
In the central interior of British Columbia (Southern Interior Forest Region), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) tends to occur in even-aged stands in the Interior Cedar?Hemlock Moist, Cool, Horsefly biogeoclimatic variant (ICHmk3). Douglas-fir stands are important from both forest industry and wildlife habitat management perspectives. Mule deer require mature and older Douglas-fir stands as winter range. In these ecosystems, Douglas-fir stands are typically clearcut, thereby seriously compromising habitat value as winter range. This is a pilot study to examine the response of vegetation (percent cover) and Douglas-fir regeneration (density and growth) to a range of opening sizes, opening orientation (along and across contours), and site preparation treatment (yes or no), 5 years post-harvest. The openings (15 × 165 m [0.25 ha], 30 × 165 m [0.5 ha], 60 × 165 m [1.0 ha], 60 × 330 m and 140 × 140 m [2.0 ha]) are options for group selection, patch cut, or clearcut silvicultural systems. Although most of the 19 tree, shrub, and grass species that mule deer could eat did not change in percent cover from pre-harvest to 5 years postharvest, the species that did change were most strongly affected by harvesting, not opening size. A major diet component, western redcedar (Thuja plicata), was reduced from 9.6 to 1.4% in the site-prepared openings, and from 9.4 to 3.9% in the openings not site-prepared, when comparing the pre-harvest to the 5th-year post-harvest assessment. However, in the 5 years since harvesting, this species has increased from 533 stems per ha to 783 stems per ha (47%) and should increase steadily in cover over time. Of note was a big increase in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) (from 0.1% up to 14%) and a moderate increase in birch-leaved spirea (Spirea betulifolia) (from 1% up to 6%); however, they generally occur in small amounts (<1%) in mule deer diets. Viable conifer seed was produced in every year, although amounts varied among species and years. The bulk of the viable seed for species of commercial interest, from 1998 to 2003, was from Douglas-fir, which is representative of the residual stand composition. Seedling establishment has been successful for all the commercial conifer species. In particular, the density of Douglas-fir natural regeneration and planted stock combined increased from 1500 stems per ha in 1998 to 2675 stems per ha in 2002. Overall, survival of planted Douglas-fir was 92% across openings and site preparation treatments (disc trenching); however, growth (height and diameter) was substantially reduced in the narrowest openings (15 m). Site preparation (specifically disc trenching) did not affect the planted stock response. Growth rates were similar on stock planted in openings that ran across contours and along contours. Seedlings planted within 2?5 m of a forest edge had lower survival, poorer condition, and lower growth rates than those planted further into the 60 m wide openings. The effects were strongest on the shadier aspects of the openings. Overall, openings of 15 m width are not recommended for sites similar to those in the study. Vegetation competition reduced the growth performance of seedlings that became overtopped early by shrub species?mainly red raspberry, thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus), and black twinberry (Lonicera involucrata). The presence of hardwood tree species has increased since harvest, but was a minor component (12%) of the overtopping vegetation that caused a reduction in the planted seedling performance. Site preparation (specifically disc trenching) did not affect vegetation response.
Waterhouse, Michaela J., Eastham, Andrea M.. 2005. Assessment of silvicultural systems developed for deep snowpack mule deer winter range in the central interior of BC: regeneration and vegetation components. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2005MR060
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Forest Investment Account Report
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), British, Columbia
This project consists of a remeasurement of existing plots; established under FRBC/FIA and most recently reviewed under project SOTSA29 4495002. The Satah adaptive management studies apply Alternative Silvicultural Systems on an operational scale in caribou habitat in the Satah/Baldface Mt. Area north of Puntzi Lake, B.C. Information gained from these adaptive management blocks complements information being gathered on a replicated research trial near Satah Mt. and aids in implementation of the Mountain Caribou Strategy under the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land Use Plan.
This is an ongoing, long-term experimental trial to develop alternative silvicultural systems in northern caribou habitat. Under the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land Use Plan, northern caribou are considered a key management species and under the federal Species at Risk Act they are designated as threatened (within SMNEA). The goal of this project is to develop and test silvicultural systems that maintain caribou habitat, including terrestrial and arboreal forage lichens, while extracting timber, achieving regeneration and maintaining biodiversity. Research is required to continue on this project to provide a sound scientific basis for the ?modified harvesting options? under the Cariboo-Chilcotin Land Use Plan. Over 181,000 ha of caribou winter range will be available for ?modified harvesting?. Short-term deliverables are used to support and update the CCLUP Northern Caribou Strategy on an annual basis. In 2003-2004, reports were completed on windthrow, natural regeneration ingress, planted stock, and micro-climate. These reports are in various stages en route to publication. Data were collected for year 7 in the planted stock trial and the lichen in the pilot block trial. The climate stations and the permanent sample plots were maintained. A successful field tour was held in October.
Michaela Waterhouse.
Waterhouse, Michaela J.. 2004. FII Forest Research Program 2003/04 annual progress report: silvicultural systems to maintain northern caribou habitat in lodgepole pine forests in central BC. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2004MR187
This is a long-term research project that supports current policy (Cariboo-Chilcotin Land-Use Plan (CCLUP) (Prov.B.C. 1995), and CCLUP - Mountain Caribou Strategy (Youds et al. 2000)) and provides an integrated approach to resource management. Mountain caribou are on the provincial ?threatened? list and in the CCLUP, they are considered a key management species. Under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) mountain caribou are designated as threatened within Southern Mountains National Ecological Area (SMNEA) and recovery planning is underway provincially through the Species at Risk Co-ordination Office (SaRCO). The CCLUP -Mountain Caribou Strategy has ?modified harvesting options? for 53,000 ha of critical caribou winter range in the upper elevations of the Engelmann spruce ? subalpine fire zone (ESSFwc3). The Quesnel Highland project was developed to test group selection silvicultural systems that retain caribou habitat (forage lichens associated with old-growth forests) while extracting timber, achieving regeneration, conserving biodiversity and understanding the effects of partial cutting on peak streamflow. This project fits well with the management recommendations proposed by Stevenson et al. (2001). Forest practices are currently the greatest habitat management concern for mountain caribou (Mountain Caribou Technical Advisory Committee 2002). Associated with forest practices are habitat fragmentation, reduction in winter food supply, increased human access and associated disturbance, and alteration of predator-prey relationships. The recovery planning process, through SaRCO, is considering all these factors in an options report for various populations of caribou (Mountain Caribou Science Team 2006). In the Quesnel Highland planning unit three of the five options include ?modified harvesting?. Because of the ?threatened? status of the caribou nationally, convincing data regarding modified harvesting will be needed to ensure that the land continues to contribute to the annual allowable cut (AAC). It is essential to continue monitoring the research trial to either confirm success or learn how to modify the silvicultural systems to achieve success. Caribou eat arboreal (tree-dwelling) lichens almost exclusively during the winter and logging can have a drastic effect on available lichen biomass (Stevenson 1979, 1990; Rominger 1994). Clearcutting is not compatible with maintaining mountain caribou habitat as it completely removes arboreal lichen. Lichen dispersal, establishment and growth are slow (due to required substrate and microclimate conditions) and it may take over a century before the quantity of lichen within a clearcut is comparable to that found in old-growth stands. Partial cutting through group selection systems may provide sufficient arboreal lichen through space and time. On our research trial, after 10 years, lichen has increased in the residual forest in the partially cut treatments compared to the no-harvest treatments (Waterhouse et al. 2007). This was first evident at the 10-year assessment but periodic measurements are needed to confirm this result over time. Tree fall and recruitment also contribute to the lichen loading in the stand. The ESSF zone is biologically rich and extensive (13.3 million ha) and is currently dominated by old forests. Outside of caribou habitat, as timber harvesting progresses, via the clearcut silvicultural system, much of the forest will be managed on a 120 year rotation. The consequences to wildlife of shifting from old to younger seral forest could be significant. In contrast to clearcutting, group selection silvicultural systems are a possible way to continuously provide old forest habitat attributes required by many species (Waterhouse et al. 2004; Klenner and Sullivan 2003; Leupin et al. 2004). To be considered a successful silvicultural system adequate regeneration of conifer species must be achieved. There has been relatively little information on regeneration, eith ...
Waterhouse, Michaela J.. 2008. Group selection silvicultural systems to maintain caribou habitat in high elevation forests (ESSFwc3) in central BC. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2008MR026
This is a long-term research project that supports current policy (Cariboo-Chilcotin Land-Use Plan (CCLUP) (Prov.B.C. 1995), and CCLUP - Mountain Caribou Strategy (Youds et al. 2000)) and provides an integrated approach to resource management. Mountain caribou are on the provincial ?threatened? list and in the CCLUP, they are considered a key management species. Under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) mountain caribou are designated as threatened within Southern Mountains National Ecological Area (SMNEA) and recovery planning is underway provincially through the Species at Risk Co-ordination Office (SaRCO). The CCLUP -Mountain Caribou Strategy has ?modified harvesting options? for 53,000 ha of critical caribou winter range in the upper elevations of the Engelmann spruce ? subalpine fire zone (ESSFwc3). The Quesnel Highland project was developed to test group selection silvicultural systems that retain caribou habitat (forage lichens associated with old-growth forests) while extracting timber, achieving regeneration, conserving biodiversity and understanding the effects of partial cutting on peak streamflow. This project fits well with the management recommendations proposed by Stevenson et al. (2001).
Forest practices are currently the greatest habitat management concern for mountain caribou (Mountain Caribou Technical Advisory Committee 2002). Associated with forest practices are habitat fragmentation, reduction in winter food supply, increased human access and associated disturbance, and alteration of predator-prey relationships. The recovery planning process, through SaRCO, is considering all these factors in an options report for various populations of caribou (Mountain Caribou Science Team 2006). In the Quesnel Highland planning unit three of the five options include ?modified harvesting?. Because of the ?threatened? status of the caribou nationally, convincing data regarding modified harvesting will be needed to ensure that the land continues to contribute to the annual allowable cut (AAC). It is essential to continue monitoring the research trial to either confirm success or learn how to modify the silvicultural systems to achieve success.
Caribou eat arboreal (tree-dwelling) lichens almost exclusively during the winter and logging can have a drastic effect on available lichen biomass (Stevenson 1979, 1990; Rominger 1994). Clearcutting is not compatible with maintaining mountain caribou habitat as it completely removes arboreal lichen. Lichen dispersal, establishment and growth are slow (due to required substrate and microclimate conditions) and it may take over a century before the quantity of lichen within a clearcut is comparable to that found in old-growth stands. Partial cutting through group selection systems may provide sufficient arboreal lichen through space and time. On our research trial, after 10 years, lichen has increased in the residual forest in the partially cut treatments compared to the no-harvest treatments (Waterhouse et al. 2007). This was first evident at the 10-year assessment but periodic measurements are needed to confirm this result over time. Tree fall and recruitment also contribute to the lichen loading in the stand.
The ESSF zone is biologically rich and extensive (13.3 million ha) and is currently dominated by old forests. Outside of caribou habitat, as timber harvesting progresses, via the clearcut silvicultural system, much of the forest will be managed on a 120 year rotation. The consequences to wildlife of shifting from old to younger seral forest could be significant. In contrast to clearcutting, group selection silvicultural systems are a possible way to continuously provide old forest habitat attributes required by many species (Waterhouse et al. 2004; Klenner and Sullivan 2003; Leupin et al. 2004).
To be considered a successful silvicultural system adequate regeneration of conifer species must be achieved. There has been relatively little information on regene ...
Waterhouse, Michaela J., Armleder, Harold M.; Newsome, Teresa A.; Teti, Patrick. 2009. Group selection silvicultural systems to maintain caribou habitat in high elevation forests (ESSFwc3) in central BC. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2009MR319
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Forest Investment Account Report
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), British, Columbia
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