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Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) have ranged throughout the mountains of British Columbia for approximately 10,000 years, arriving quickly behind the retreating ice of the last ice age. Today their numbers and distribution are reduced, even from early historical times. There are three distinct groups, or ecotypes: the northern ecotype (relying heavily on terrestrial lichens for food), the mountain ecotype (feeding more on arboreal lichens than their northern counterpart) and the boreal ecotype, few in number and restricted to the lowlands of the extreme north-east of the province. Northern caribou are found in the Northern Boreal Mountain, Boreal Plains, Sub-boreal Interior, Central Interior and Coast and Mountain ecoprovinces. Their numbers and distribution in the Northern Boreal Mountains probably changed little over historical times, at least until about 1970; elsehere, however, northern caribou have experienced a decline in numbers and a reduction in distribution. Mountain Caribou are found in
Spalding, David J.. 2000. The Early History of Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Wildlife Bulletin. B100
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