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"Economic Instruments in Action" presents the results of a SPEC research project on the use of economic instruments in environmental management. We found that economic instruments have been used effectively in various jurisdictions for managing environmental protection and resource conservation.
We examined a number of programs in Canada, the United States, and Europe that incorporate economic instruments with regulation. We conclude that these instruments can provide innovative cost-effective methods of achieving environmental goals. Economic instruments include, among other things, environmental taxes, deposit refund systems, user-pay charges and tipping fees to manage solid waste disposal; fuel taxes, emission fees, and emission trading to control air emissions; and effluent fees and effluent trading to improve water quality.
The paper evaluates the success of some specific applications of economic instruments, including German effluent fees, Swedish air emission charges, the U.S. sulphur trading program, the California Regional Clean Air Incentives Market program, the British Columbia Waste Management Permit Fee Regulation, and the Greater Vancouver Regional District emission fee program.
Society Promoting Environmental Conservation. 1993. Economic Instruments in Action. BC Ministry of Environment
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Keywords: solid waste management, economics, fees, taxes, garbage, fuel tax, emissions trading, effluent, waste discharge fees, swedish emission fees, sulphur, carbon tax, nitrogen oxide, credit trading, offset program, air quality, reclaim, GVRD, metro vancouver
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