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Aquatic systems throughout many parts of British Columbia have been impaired by human activity, and they continue to deteriorate despite legal mandates such as the B.C. Water Protection Act and the Forest Practices Codes, and massive expenditures such as Forest Renewal British Columbia. Identifying specific impacts to stream ecosystems can be challenging, and determining the causes of those impacts even more difficult. Impacts are often cumulative, meaning that small impacts accumulate to have large effects. Characterization and quantification of cumulative watershed effects are essential if land-use activities and restoration projects are to be designed to minimize deterioration. The standardized methods of cumulative effects analysis tend to be too time consuming and expensive to be practical. This study examines the utility of analysing diurnal dissolved oxygen and pH cycles for assessment of cumulative effects of forest harvesting on stream ecology. These diurnal cycles, observed with continuous monitoring, can be largely driven by stream metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration), and thereby used as a measure of whole-stream productivity and, potentially, the cumulative effects on productivity resulting from forest harvesting. Water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were monitored continuously from 2002 to 2004 in three relatively undeveloped first order streams in the southern coast region of British Columbia. Diurnal oscillations were detected for each parameter in all three streams, and noted to each have similar amplitudes between streams. Water temperature tended to oscillate diurnally by, on average, approximately 1oC during winters and more than 2oC during summers. Dissolved oxygen and pH oscillations showed little seasonal variability, averaging roughly 0.6 mg/L and 0.10 pH units respectively across seasons. Their diurnal cycles were near mirror images (opposite phases) of those in water temperature, suggesting that the observed diurnal changes were caused primarily by changes in water temperature rather than by photosynthetic activity. This was confirmed by net daily metabolism estimates, and is likely explained by low biomass and high re-aeration in these streams. It was therefore determined that this technique is not suitable for measuring stream productivity, or cumulative effects upon it, in the relatively unproductive streams of coastal British Columbia. The technique was, however, shown to be useful in streams with high productivity and low re-aeration, and therefore may be useful for measuring cumulative effects in forested streams in the interior of British Columbia.
Ed Quilty
Quilty, Edward J., Richardson, John S.; Farahmand, Touraj. 2005. 'Ephects' - a cumulative effects assessment tool using automated continuous pH measurements in streams. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), Riparian, Ecology, British, Columbia
The Species at Risk (SAR) Database is a site-series based management tool developed specifically for the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) variants within a particular Timber Supply Area (TSA). The key functions of the database are 1) to alert forest planners and operators of the potential locations of Species at Risk (SAR) within specific BEC variants, within a TSA of interest, and 2) to provide habitat management guides specific to that particular variant within the selected TSA.
The potential occurrence of a SAR within a particular variant is established through the identification of that species? habitat capability (terrain) and suitability (forest cover or grassland characteristics, depending on the species). If the unique suite of requisite features are present, the management tool provides the user with a set of cover features that should be retained and how (partial cut vs clearcut with reserves, WTP or reserve design, access development, etc). The SAR database is designed to facilitate habitat management for SAR at the cutblock level; landscape planning is not addressed, although the database could be a facilitating component to a landscape planning process. SAR included in the database in 2008-09 were those specified by the Federal government Species At Risk Act (SARA) Schedule 1, as well as the Provincial government?s Identified Wildlife Management Strategy (IWMS 2004) and Section 7 Notices, under the provincial legislation, Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA). The database has been structured so that it can provide both detailed information for office use and summarized information in the form of a field card. The processes of accessing the detailed information and printing field cards has been automated by programming the SAR database into a user-friendly model in MS Access.
van Woudenberg, Astrid M.. 2009. 1. Species At Risk (SAR) Database: SAR Database Version 2.7, 2008-09 Project Summary Report for the Kingcome, Soo, Strathcona and Fraser TSA Projects. 2. Fraser TSA Species At Risk (SAR) Database Version 2.7, Training and User's Manual 2008-09. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2009MR249
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), British, Columbia
Each year in British Columbia, nearly 950 black bears and 50 grizzly bears are destroyed due to conflicts between people and bears. This brochure presents ten ways you can reduce this number by bear-proofing your home.
Ministry of Environment. 2005. 10 Things You Should Know About Bears. Ministry of Environment
The FIA funded prescription and works are to help assure stability and minimize erosion events by re working the deactivated road system. The 12 Mile Creek is not in a community watershed. However, there are downstream fisheries values. The streams in the area of the prescription are not fish bearing. The objectives of the deactivation are to restore pre existing surface and subsurface drainage patterns as close to possible as they were in their original condition. The prescription was for 8 old roads and trails that are non status and which have potential instability issues that were noted during a walk through assessment of an adjacent area.
Dascher, Carole. 2003. 12 Mile Creek road deactivation for road and associated trails above 12 Mile FSR 9.5 km, Columbia River Watershed, Southern Interior Forest Region: project completion abstract. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2003MR109
The previous crossing structure, located 1300m upstream of the confluence to Chehischic Creek, was a failing 800mm Corrugated Metal Pipe (CMP). There was no fisheries information available for this tributary and upon fish sampling no fish were caught. However, due to the downstream connection to fish bearing waters the reach was defaulted to fish bearing. The CMP lacked sufficient embedment and constricted the channel flow. The unnamed tributary was deemed to have marginal fish habitat.
As the CMP was determined to be a full barrier to fish movement within the stream, the crossing received a high ranking under the FPCI scoring matrix, thus eligibility for funding pending FIA approval.
Wick, Johanna. 2010. 1410 km on the 1400 rd Culvert Replacement Project. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2010MR015
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), British, Columbia
Datasets from 15-year growth increments and coniferous stand structure of lodgepole pine at 3 different densities at the Bobtail Forest Road installation, 60 km west of Prince George, and additional regional replicates located at Penticton and Kamloops were prepared for analysis. These units were operational in scale and have detailed habitat, small mammal, and ungulate data as well. In addition, there were unthinned young pine and old-growth stands at each project area.
Forest Investment Account (FIA). 2003. 15-year re-measurement of tree growth for the project 'response of old-growth dependent mammal species to variable stand density in young lodgepole pine forest'. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2003MR124
The previous crossing structure was a 1000mm Corrugated Metal Pile (CMP) with significate road fills above it.
Several factors affected the proper functioning of the culvert. The area exhibits evidence of beaver activity immediately upstream. Woody derbis had collected at the intake, partially blocking it. Over time this accumulation could lead to a full blockage of the culvert and ultimately road failure. Root infiltration by nearby trees had caused sections of the existing structure to shift and separate. A large cavity had formed within the road base above the culvert suggesting a probable breach in the CMP. Road fills on the downstream edge were slumping into the stream channel around the outfall causing sedimantation of the stream. The strucutre was installed at a grade of 7.5% creating increased water velocities unsuitable for fish. A perched outlet (35cm) also restricted fish movement through the culvert.
Fish sampling was conducted to confirm fish bearing status (DWB Forestry, 2006 and 2007). There were numerous rainbow trout both above and below the crossing.
Following a Fish Passage Culvert Inspection (FPCI) in 2006 (DWB Forestry, 2006), the crossing received a high ranking under the FPCI scoring matrix. The CMP was determined to be a full barrier to fish mo vement within the reach and should be eligible for funding pending FIA approval.
Research Memo No. 21 (1977) discussed the promising strobili production in the Vernon Arboretum.
The encouraging strobili production continued in 1978. Of the 285 surviving families, planted in 1976 as 4-year old grafts, 141 produced some strobili. Both male and female strobili were present. Some individuals produced over 100 female strobili while the largest number of male strobili on one individual was 478. One clone represented by 4 ramets produced 1037 male strobili. The table below summarizes the strobili production of families originating from various geographical sources.
[ table ]
Nearly 50 per cent of the earliest planted families, grafted 5-6 years ago, produced strobili. In contrast, the clone banks at the Red Rock Research centre produced practically no strobili: only 4 families produced female strobili and 12 families had some male strobili in small quantities. There are 430 families in these clone banks and the earliest ones were grafted in the spring of 1969. Some ramets are over 4 m tall with excellent growth rate.
For further information write to Mr. G. Kiss, Ministry of Forests, 4604 Pleasant Valley Road, Vernon, B.C. VIT 4M6
BC Forest Service - Research Division. 1978. 1978 Strobili Production of the Vernon Spruce Breeding Arboretum. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Research Memo (FLNRORD). RM30
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Keywords: FLNRORD, Research Memo, British Columbia
Province of British Columbia. 1981. 1981 Annual Report Statistical Supplement. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Annual Report (FLNRORD)
The results of the TAESCO study of vertebrate damage to commercial forests in the Vancouver Forest Region are summarized in this report. Damage to plantations was observed or reported to be caused by deer, grouse, elk, mountain beaver, pikas, rabbits, beaver and voles. Deer were most commonly reported to cause damage, followed by grouse. Damage from other animals, although less commonly reported, can be locally important, Types of damage caused by each species and the occurrence of such damage is discussed. Factors which may influence the severity and distribution of damage are examined, and techniques to control or prevent animal damage to forest plantations are reviewed.
Howard, D.. 1982. 1982 Status Report: Wildlife Damage to Forests in the Vancouver Forest Region. Ministry of Forests. Wildlife Habitat Research Report. WHR3
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