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The Reforestation Information Bank (RIB) was a computer information system designed to keep silviculture foresters up to date on current research results from government and industry. Each RIB entry gave a synopsis of an original report on recently completed or active silviculture research.
Feddersen, B.. 1989. Users manual for the reforestation information bank. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. FRDA Handbook. FRH3
Pissodes strobi, the terminal weevil that preferentially attacks leaders of Sitka spruce between 2 and 15 m tall, has become a major deterrent to selecting this species for reforestation. Successful weevil attacks kill the leader and a lateral shoot takes over, forming a crook in the stem. Repeated and severe attacks prevent seedlings from reaching free-growing status, and render trees unmerchantable due to bole defects. However, trees may recover from less severe attacks and attain good form upon maturity. Weevil hazard is therefore better indicated by the severity of the effects on form than by the number of attacks. Decades of research and tree improvement have culminated in available terminal weevil resistant Sitka spruce seed for reforestation. Foresters can expect fewer than half the attack levels of local wild stands from bulk seedlots from the superior provenances Haney and Big Qualicum, and over 80% reduction from class A orchard seed (King and Alfaro 2009). The objective of this study was to develop a user-friendly, accurate web tool that foresters could use to support reforestation prescriptions for sites on Vancouver Island where Sitka spruce is an appropriate species.
Krakowski, J.. 2010. User-friendly web tool to support silviculture for sitka spruce on the south coast. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Extension Note (FLNRORD). EN95
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Extension Note (FLNRORD)
Keywords: Forest, Genetics, Forestry, Silviculture, General
This manual provides instructions on how to operate and parameterize a model (SLIMM) designed for use by managers of small lakes in B.C. A detailed description of model structure is also provided. The model focuses on rainbow trout and is designed to assist managers in anticipating the results of a variety of management actions in three main categories: regulations, stocking, and habitat alterations. The model is based on a variety of empirical relationships that link factors such as fish growth to density. These relationships form dynamic links to lower trophic levels which are not explicitly modeled. Output is in the form of time series graphs or equilbrium values for 49 indicators.
Korman, Josh, Walters, Carl; Sawada, Joel; Parkinson, Eric. 1994. User Manual for the Small Lakes Integrated Management Model: Version 2.0. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Fisheries Technical Circular. 95
In British Columbia, stump removal was first tested in 1968 as a method of reducing the spread of root disease into regenerating stands (Morrison et al. 1988). Over the last few decades, stumping, as it is also known, has been practiced throughout the province in forests infected with the root disease fungi Armillaria ostoyae, Inonotus tomentosus, and Phellinus weirii (Sturrock 2000). Given the growing interest in bioenergy in the province (Province of British Columbia 2008), and the increasing popularity of stumps as a feedstock for bioenergy plants in Europe (e.g., Bjorheden 2006; Hakkila 2006), it is timely to consider the viability of using stumps as an energy source in British Columbia.
Hannam, K.. 2012. The Use of Stumps for Biomass in British Columbia - A Problem Analysis. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Technical Report (FLNRORD). TR66
To establish a link between ecological site quality and forest productivity in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone of the Prince Rupert Forest Region, site index and site data from 93 lodgepole pine stands and 77 interior spruce stands were obtained and analyzed. The stands studied were distributed across 2 climatic regimes (biogeoclimatic subzones), 8 soil moisture regimes, and 5 soil nutrient regimes. These regimes were used as categorical variables to stratify the stands and in the regression analysis. Some combinations of soil moisture and nutrient regimes were poorly represented. Site index of lodgepole pine and interior spruce changed with soil moisture and nutrient regimes, but not with climate. The pattern of change in site index in relation to soil moisture was similar for both species, but differed in relation to soil nutrients. Site index of interior spruce was significantly lower than that for lodgepole pine on nutrient-deficient sites. Of the six types of regression models developed, the edatope model showed strong relationships between site index and soil moisture and nutrient regimes (R 2 >0.80, SEE <1.6 m) for both lodgepole pine and interior spruce. This model was used to draft site index isolines which were then superimposed onto edatopic grids. Estimates of soil moisture and soil nutrient regimes were found to be good predictors of lodgepole pine and interior spruce site index over a large area. Additional sampling of sites that were poorly represented and testing against independent data sets are recommended.
Wang, Q., Wang, G.G.; Coates, K.D.; Klinka, K.. 1994. Use of site factors to predict lodgepole pine and interior spruce site index in the sub-boreal spruce zone. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Research Note (FLNRORD). RN114
There is a large amount of operational expertise on the use of semiochemicals for management of forest insect pests that has not been made fully available in a comprehensive fashion to the end product users. In addition, there are promising new tactics and research that have not been published or put into operational perspective. Reductions in district and some regional Ministry of Forests forest health staff and reorganization under DFAM, will create a decline in resources and technology transfer. This project combines currently available information and research on semiochemical tactics used to monitor and manage forest insect pests in BC. The project deliverable is a webpage that will provide a comprehensive picture of available options and factors which should be considered when making management decisions and the limitations of these tactics. The final webpage will be located at http://www.bcsemioguide.ca.
Jennifer Burleigh.
Burleigh, Jennifer. 2004. The use of semiochemicals in the management of forest insect pests in British Columbia : FII forest research program 2003/04 annual progress report. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2004MR205
Broad Ecosystem Unit (BEU) and forest cover at the 1:250,000 scale had been mapped to contribute information to the Central Coast Land and Coastal Resource Management Plan. We ranked BEU and forest cover polygons based on their suitability for marbled murrelet nesting habitat. During the 1998 breeding season, we conducted a reconnaissance level survey of 27 selected watersheds draining into the central Coast. We used high-frequency radar to count marbled murrelets as they entered the watersheds before dawn. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping enabled us to readily calculate both the size of the watersheds and the amount of suitable nesting habitat available (based on both the broad ecosystem and forest cover information). Based on the radar counts we calculated an index of the number of nesting marbled murrelets per hectare of suitable habitat. This index was used to rank the suitability of the watersheds for marbled murrelets and delineate broad areas to be further examined...
Mather, Monica H., Schroeder, Bernard K.; Chatwin, Trudy A.. 1999. Use of Geographic Information System and Radar Counts to Delineate Suitable Habitat and Estimate Population of Nesting Marbled Murrelets of British Columbia's Central Coast (in Proc. Conference Biology & Management of Species and Habitats at Risk). Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks; University College of the Cariboo. Conference Biology & ManagementProceedings
Voles of the genus Microtus and Clethrionomys are considered to be major mammalian pests in coniferous and deciduous tree plantations in North America. Voles may feed on bark, vascular tissues, and sometimes roots of trees, particularly during winter months when alternative food sources are limited. This damage may result in direct mortality from girdling and clipping of tree stems or reduced growth of surviving trees that have sub-lethal injuries. In terms of conservation and sustainability of temperate forests, feeding damage may limit regeneration of appropriate tree species in certain forest ecosystems, become costly to reforest these stands in time for Free Growing Status, decrease net productive forested area, and result in loss of Mean Annual Increment. Feeding damage appears to be associated with high populations of voles in early successional habitats that develop after harvesting. The problem is widespread throughout the southern and central interior of B.C. The use of diversionary food is an ecologically favourable way to reduce feeding damage by voles during those months when alternative natural foods are in short supply. A diversionary food needs to be palatable so that voles will eat it in preference to coniferous tree seedlings. However, the food must not be overly nutritious such that it enhances vole reproduction or survival. The diversionary food being utilized in this project consists of alfalfa, canola oil, and bark mulch with wax as a cohesive aggregate. The project will monitor vole populations, and test this technique to decrease mortality of trees from winter damage by voles, over a 3-year period. If trials are successful, this will result in increased plantation survival, thereby directly providing positive benefits to sustainable forest management.
Thomas P. Sullivan.
Sullivan, Thomas P., Sullivan, Drusilla S.. 2006. Use of diversionary foods to reduce seedling damage by voles. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report
The use of chemical fish toxicants for coarse fish control is an accepted fisheries management practice in North America. In British Columbia the use of rotenone based fish toxicants is complicated by at least three factors: uncertainty of supply, cost escalations and increased concern about the effects and fate of chemicals used in lake rehabilitation programs. The need for chemical fish toxicants is valid in specific circumstances, and a literature review of approximately thirty chemicals used as fish toxicants suggests chlorine may be useful as a limited purpose fish toxicant. Chlorine hydrolyzes to form hypochlorous acid (HOCI) when added to ammonia free water, which then dissociate~1and maintains an equilibrium with hypochlorite ion (OCI ). The relative concentration of each form is determined by the pH and temperature of the water. Chlorine combines with ammonia to form chloramines, and being a strong oxidizing agent chlorine will react with reducing compounds present in lentic environments (eg. H2S). Laboratory bioassays indicate chlorine is quite toxic to flsh with 96 hr LC values ranging from 0.172 mg/L for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 1.41 mg/L for black bullhead (Ictalurus melas). The primary toxizological mechanism of chlorine is oxi2ation of reduced iron (Fe ) in hemoglobin to methemoglobin (Fe ), resulting in an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen and subsequent death by anoxia. At least three field tests have been conducted with results ranging from partial to complete kills, depending on the chlorine demand and concentration of residual chlorine in the water column. Chlorine may be a useful fish toxicant in limited situations where conventional fish toxicants should not be used (eg. drinking water sources) and the water body is quite small.
Ashley, Kenneth I.. 1989. The Use of Chlorine as a Possible Fish Toxicant. BC Ministry of Environment. Fisheries Project Report. RD20
Topic: Fish and Fish Habitats
Series: Fisheries Project Report
Keywords: British Columbia, BC, Cl, Chlorinate, rainbow, bullhead, coarse fish control, pesticide, toxicology, water quality, chemical, fisheries management, Bioassay,
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Southern Mountain National Ecological Area were designated 'threatened' by COSEWIC in 2002, were added to the Species at Risk Act Schedule 1, and are a species at risk under the Forest and Range Practices Act in BC. Caribou are also commonly considered to be a leading indicator of biodiversity and ecosystem health in the boreal and sub-boreal forests (e.g., see ENGO programs such as Caribou Nation , Grey Ghosts , and Staring at Extinction ). In the late 1970s, the BC government sensed potential mismanagement of caribou with an apparent decline in populations and annual harvests exceeding 1,500 animals (McGregor 1985). After curtailing hunting, caribou populations continued to decline and now, despite the current legal status, the rate of decline indicates extirpation for many herds in a matter of decades (Wittmer 2004). The common denominator in this decline was considered by Messier et al. (2004) to be increased ungulate (other than caribou) populations that lead to increased numbers of predators and, hence, increased predation on caribou. Under those conditions caribou apparently suffer more incidental predation from wolves than would otherwise occur (Begerud 1983, Seip 1992, Racey et al. 1999). The increased mortality is exacerbated because caribou are possibly more susceptible to wolf predation than other ungulates (Seip 1991, Seip 1992, Thomas 1995). Increases in non-caribou ungulate populations (e.g., moose, deer, and elk) have been related to the abundance of young seral forests resulting from logging (Hatter 1950, Wallmo 1969, Spalding 1990, 1992, Rempel et al. 1997, Rettie and Messier 1998). Roads and other linear corridors may also benefit predator search rates and allow predator?s access to caribou in places that would otherwise be inaccessible (Jalkotzy et al. 1997; Bradshaw et al. 1997, James and Stuart-Smith 2000, Dyer et al. 2001). Corrective measures to reverse the decline of caribou therefore must involve predation mitigation either by managing early seral forest conditions, roads and linear corridors, non-caribou ungulates, predators, or a combination of these. There is little to no evidence of the success of these mitigation techniques but some research has led to the general conclusion that mitigating predation may be able to stabilize caribou populations (Seip 1992). Specific projects have focused on managing wolves directly (Elliot 1985, Janz 1989, Youds and Roorda 2001). Based on this information Recovery Implementation Groups (RIGs) consider that, where recovery of caribou can be shown to be biologically feasible through habitat management, management of predation will still likely be required in the short-term while habitat is being restored (MCTAC 2003, Seip 2005, BCTAC In Prep. , McNay et al. In Prep. ). This supposition is not new but the actual importance of non-caribou ungulates and efficacy of predation mitigation techniques remains largely untested and unknown. Provided there are places where predation mitigation can support caribou recovery, the efficacy of managing predation risk is therefore circumstantial and anecdotal. We propose a science-based comparison of predation mitigation using a combination of Habitat Supply Modeling (HSM) and adaptive management. On the basis of previous studies from radio-collared caribou, moose, and wolves in three caribou herd areas, we are able to opportunistically compare efficacy of recent predation mitigation activities in an adaptive management framework. Regulated wolf trapping has occurred and is continuing in one caribou herd area while an enhanced moose harvest has been planned and will be initiated this year in another caribou herd area. The third caribou herd area will be used as a spatial control. We can also use a HSM (Caribou Habitat Assessment and Supply Estimator ? CHASE; McNay et al. 2003) developed under previous Forest Science Program funding to guide adaptation of predation mitigation a ...
Wildlife Infometrics Inc., McNay, R. Scott; Giguere, Line. 2007. Use of adaptive management to mitigate risk of predation for woodland caribou in north-central British Columbia. Forest Investment Account (FIA) - Forest Science Program. Forest Investment Account Report. FIA2007MR296
Topic: FLNRORD Research Program
Series: Forest Investment Account Report
Keywords: Forest, Investment, Account, (FIA), Woodland, caribou, British, Columbia
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